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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction A ramp for wheelchairs is an effective tool to assist your loved ones live more independently at home. But if not designed correctly, they can be dangerous to use. ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction to prevent compound slopes. They also require a surface that is gripping for wheelchair users. Design The ramp's design must be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs effortlessly navigate the structure. The ramp's slope shouldn't exceed a ratio of 1:12, and the landings should be level at any change of direction or shift in the ramp surface. It must be constructed of treated lumber, which is more durable than untreated and is able to withstand rain better. The ramp's bottom and top should be free of any obstacles, such as trees or bushes, or any other structures which could hinder the user's safe passage. The ramp's surface must be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be covered with an anti-slip surface. Make use of treated lumber that is at minimum four inches wide for the ramp frame. Build posts to secure the ramp, making sure they are at least eight feet apart and that they extend below ground level. Spindles should be used to connect the posts with the railings of the ramp. This kind of connection is recommended because it decreases the chance of an operator of the ramp falling off the side of the ramp. Then, build the frame for the ramp using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and beams of 2 by 4 inches. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and are secured using joist hangers which are nails that hold the inside of the joists to stop them from sliding off the ground. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer. Include an upper landing in the doorway to ensure wheelchair occupants can easily manage the doorswing. This landing should provide 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. The landing for doors with in-swinging should be 58 x 60 in order to accommodate the threshold of the door and wheelchair users who need to go backwards through the doorway. Install a level landing when changing the direction of the ramp to prevent wheelchairs from having to hit their brakes at corners. A level landing makes it simpler to move a ramp out of the way if required, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can pass beneath it. Materials The material used to construct a wheelchair ramp can be wood, concrete or aluminum. A professional ramp installation company can help you decide which one is suitable for your home or business. It is essential to take into consideration your budget and needs when selecting the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be simple to maintain, and it should be safe to use. Certain cities require the ramp to be covered with a non-slip surface. Make sure to inquire with your local government for permits prior to building or purchasing materials. Also, make certain to follow the local building codes. The wrong materials or construction techniques can create dangerous conditions for wheelchair-users. You can find the most current construction guidelines in your local government building department or library, or on the internet. Wood ramps are typically the least expensive of ADA ramp materials, but they require more maintenance than other options. Wood ramps need to be maintained regularly using an adhesive to avoid rot. Wood can splinter, which could be particularly dangerous for wheelchair users. Wood ramps may require additional support to keep the structure standing and steady. Concrete ramps are extremely durable and long-lasting, but they can be costly. They are heavy, which means more labor is required to put in them, and they can make it difficult to move the ramp when they are no longer needed. Concrete ramps are sturdy enough to withstand the weight of power wheelchairs. Aluminum ramps are lighter and more affordable than concrete or steel. They also have the same durability, strength and corrosion resistance. They are also cheaper than iron and steel which makes them a great option for those with budgets. Aluminum is also eco-friendly, since it is naturally found in the Earth's crust and can be recycled. The upper landing of the ramp should be level or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold in order to allow the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to pass over it without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap that is larger than this will not conform to ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp moves smoothly between the landing area and the ground. The final section of the ramp should have beveled transitions to avoid an abrupt stop for wheelchairs as they exit or enter a dwelling. Installation A ramp for wheelchairs is an inclined plane that is installed in addition to or in place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users and people who use carts or strollers to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to access like a front door or a set of steep steps. When choosing a wheelchair access ramp, there are numerous aspects to take into consideration, including the location, height and cost. Ideally, a ramp should be situated near the door as it is possible to prevent unnecessary transportation. It should be set at a level that the person using it can easily walk on it. It should be firmly anchored to the floor and clear of obstructions, such as trees, cars parked or other obstacles. ADA regulations stipulate that ramps must have handrails either side. These rails should be at 36 inches apart and have an edging surface that is smooth or rounded. In addition, they must be attached to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the ramp edge. Handrails must be continuous if the ramp is designed with switchbacks, or in an L-shaped layout. The length of a ramp is contingent on the incline, however there are a few common ramp types that can be used in most situations. A threshold ramp, for example, sits flush against the curb's lip or the threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are, however they can be moved to a new place and come in different sizes. There are also modular aluminum ramps that can be assembled on-site. These ramps are typically used in commercial or public areas, and tend to be longer. portable wheel chair ramps mymobilityscooters with your city's building department to determine the need for a permit for a permanent ramp. It is recommended to consult a mobility specialist to determine what kind of ramp will best fit your requirements and the space that you have. In certain cases installing an ongoing ramp could increase the resale value of your home. Maintenance It is essential to maintain your wheelchair ramp especially if it will be used often. You'll have to conduct regular inspections, and fix any structural issues that arise. This will help ensure that the ramp is in compliance with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users. Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is required to remove dirt and debris that can block access. Keep the ramp clean to avoid moisture from accumulating beneath the surface. This can cause the onset of rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work effectively when the ramp is clean before application. Wheelchair ramps can be more difficult to maintain than other types of ramps, since they are more likely to experience wear and wear and tear. It is important to have the right tools. To ensure that all fixings are secure and secure you'll require a good set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. It's also worth regularly inspecting the handrails to ensure they are in good working order and have no signs of damage or corrosion. It's possible that, over time, as they are used repeatedly, some of the fittings and bolts that secure the handrails may come loose and cause a major safety concern for people who use the ramp. It is also important to ensure that the surface the ramp is grippy enough especially in winter, when the conditions can be challenging. You'll need to sweep away any leaves, dirt and other debris that can hinder the surface and cause slippage. Additionally, you'll need to apply an ice melt that is not corrosive to the ramp's surface before winter arrives to prevent slips and injury. If you're planning on using your ramp during winter, consider investing in wheels for traction, or “snow tires” for your wheelchair. These wheels are designed to track better on snowy and uneven surfaces. They will help you remain on your ramp longer than standard wheelchair tires. Alternately, you can put heating pads or tape along the ramp's surface to help melt ice and snow before it gets accumulated.